DOI: -

Keywords: travel cost, congestion, cheapest alternative, biaya perjalanan, kemacetan, alternatif termurah

ABSTRACT

The number of vehicles in Bandung City is almost equal to the city population. This phenomenon causes congestion on many roads. With a number reaching 1,7 million units, two-wheeled vehicles, especially private motorcycles, dominate the roads in Bandung City. The large number of private motorcycles is due to the belief that they are the cheapest alternative. This study evaluates the travel costs of private motorcycles compared to public transportation and online motorcycle taxis to determine the cheapest alternative. The results show that private motorcycles are the cheapest alternative only for distances over 10 km, while public transportation is the cheapest for shorter distances. In congested conditions, public transportation remains the cheapest option only up to 3 km despite minimal changes in direct cost. The significant travel time increase for public transportation makes online motorcycle taxis the cheapest alternative for shorter distances and private motorcycles for distances over 7 km.